{"id":225,"date":"2013-04-12T22:31:11","date_gmt":"2013-04-12T20:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nvda.venik.org\/?p=225"},"modified":"2013-09-05T13:31:50","modified_gmt":"2013-09-05T11:31:50","slug":"ako-spravne-prekladat-nazvy-interpunkcnych-znakov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/?p=225","title":{"rendered":"Ako spr\u00e1vne preklada\u0165 n\u00e1zvy interpunk\u010dn\u00fdch znakov?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--texy-->Dnes som po\u010das kontroly prekladu NVDA zistil, \u017ee m\u00e1me medzeri v ch\u00e1pan\u00ed slovensk\u00fdch interpunk\u010dn\u00fdch znakov. Preto som si dovolil uverejni\u0165 pr\u00edspevok, ktor\u00fd sa NVDA dot\u00fdka len okrajovo. Je pre m\u0148a ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 spr\u00e1vny poh\u013ead na vec, nebr\u00e1nte sa preto ak\u00fdmko\u013evek koment\u00e1rom a pr\u00edpadn\u00fdm upresneniam, ktor\u00e9 V\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu po pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed pr\u00eds\u0165 na um.<\/p>\n<p>Spisovn\u00e9 je <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lomka\">lomka<\/a> nie lomeno. Napriek tomu, \u017ee u\u017e minim\u00e1lne desa\u0165 rokov mnoh\u00ed be\u017ene po\u010d\u00favame zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch mo\u017en\u00fdch ozvu\u010den\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed slovo lomeno, sk\u00faste sa zamyslie\u0165, \u010di by nebolo vhodn\u00e9 situ\u00e1ciu prehodnoti\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Na slovensku sa \u0161tandardne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa 4 r\u00f4zne interpunk\u010dn\u00e9 znamienka ur\u010den\u00e9 na uv\u00e1dzanie priamej re\u010di, cit\u00e1ci\u00ed a pod &#8211; 4 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9Avodzovky\">\u00favodzovky<\/a>. K dispoz\u00edcii je e\u0161te <a href=\"http:\/\/tvorim.net\/typografia\/68-uvodzovky-a-ich-spravne-pisanie\">\u010fal\u0161ie zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie<\/a>.<br \/>\n&bdquo; doln\u00e9 \u00favodzovky a &ldquo; horn\u00e9 \u00favodzovky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najbe\u017enej\u0161ie v p\u00edsanom texte.<br \/>\n&sbquo; doln\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 \u00favodzovky a &lsquo; horn\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 \u00favodzovky, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v kombin\u00e1cii s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi hlavne vo vnoren\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch.<br \/>\nZnak \u2019 ktor\u00fd sa v sloven\u010dine preklad\u00e1 ako <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apostrof\">odsuvn\u00edk<\/a> a pou\u017e\u00edva sa na skracovanie slov. Znak ascii 39, ktor\u00fd v\u0161etci pou\u017e\u00edvame ako apostrof hlavne pri programovan\u00ed a \u0161t\u00fadiu cudz\u00edch jazykov zh\u013eadiska slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka nie je typograficky spr\u00e1vny. Navrhujem preto tento ponecha\u0165 uv\u00e1dzan\u00fd ako apostrof ako sme v\u0161etci zvyknut\u00ed a tento &#8222;slovensk\u00fd&#8220; apostrof naz\u00fdva\u0165 odsuvn\u00edk.<br \/>\nRovnako je to so znakom \u00favodzovky, ascii 34, ktor\u00fd sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva pri programovan\u00ed. Tento znak navrhujem preklada\u0165 ako \u00favodzovky a na znaky be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v slovensk\u00fdch textoch pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 preklady, ktor\u00e9 som u\u017e vymenoval.<br \/>\nTie\u017e m\u00e1me znak \u201d doteraz som si myslel, \u017ee s\u00fa to doln\u00e9 \u00favodzovky. Nena\u0161iel som zatia\u013e pou\u017eitie tohoto znaku v sloven\u010dine a jeho spr\u00e1vny n\u00e1zov.<br \/>\nV niektor\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa tie\u017e ako n\u00e1hrada za jednoduch\u00e9 \u00favodzovky, oby\u010dajne vnoren\u00e9 medzi znakmi doln\u00e9 a horn\u00e9 \u00favodzovky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dvojit\u00e9 lomen\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed preklad s\u00fa tie\u017e uhlov\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky. Tieto s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za archajick\u00e9 \u00favodzovky z franc\u00faz\u0161tiny alebo nem\u010diny. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v opa\u010dnom porad\u00ed ako z\u00e1tvorky, otv\u00e1racia \u00favodzovka je prav\u00e1 dvojit\u00e1 lomen\u00e1 z\u00e1tvorka a uzatv\u00e1racia je \u013eav\u00e1 dvojit\u00e1 lomen\u00e1 z\u00e1tvorka. V sloven\u010dine sa e\u0161te z \u010dias p\u00edsania na klasickom p\u00edsacom stroji traduje ojedinele namiesto znakov pre klasick\u00e9 naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky &#8218;(&#8218; a &#8218;)&#8216; pomenovanie lomen\u00e9 <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Z%C3%A1tvorka_%28interpunk%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_znamienko%29\">z\u00e1tvorky<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00ed \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd znak je _ ve\u013emi \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00fd pod\u010diarknutie. Spr\u00e1vny n\u00e1zov tohoto symbolu je ale pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slovakradio.sk\/radio-slovensko\/slovencina-na-slovicko\/Podciarkovnik-nie-podtrznik?l=2&#038;i=2038&#038;p=44\">pod\u010diarkovn\u00edk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Znak \u2026 sa pod\u013ea materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 som dok\u00e1zal n\u00e1js\u0165 spisovne naz\u00fdva <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tri_bodky\">tri bodky<\/a>, v praxy hlavne z pou\u017e\u00edvania asisten\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed som zvyknut\u00fd na n\u00e1zov bodka bodka bodka.<\/p>\n<p>Znak -, ktor\u00fd sa na be\u017enej kl\u00e1vesnici po\u010d\u00edta\u010da nach\u00e1dza v dolnom rade vpravo od kl\u00e1vesu bodka be\u017ene naz\u00fdvame poml\u010dka, v skuto\u010dnosti jeho slovensk\u00fd n\u00e1zov je pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spojovn%C3%ADk\">spojovn\u00edk<\/a>. \u010ealej znak \u2013 be\u017ene naz\u00fdvan\u00fd dlh\u00e1 poml\u010dka, ktor\u00fd sa \u010dasto kr\u00e1t opisuje ako poml\u010dka zodpovedaj\u00faca \u0161\u00edrky p\u00edsmena n, v angli\u010dtine en dash by sa v sloven\u010dine mal korektne naz\u00fdva\u0165 <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poml%C4%8Dka\">poml\u010dka<\/a>. Analogicky k en dash existuje aj poml\u010dka so \u0161\u00edrkou zodpovedaj\u00facou \u0161\u00edrke p\u00edsmena m, em dash, ktorej spr\u00e1vny n\u00e1zov je dlh\u00e1 poml\u010dka \u017eia\u013e op\u00e4\u0165 v praxy \u010dasto prekladan\u00fd ako dlh\u0161ia poml\u010dka.<\/p>\n<p>Doteraz som vo vo\u013enom \u010dase ako zdanliv\u00fd amat\u00e9rsky prekladate\u013e vych\u00e1dzal hlavne zo sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a dovolil som si mnou pova\u017eovan\u00fa terminol\u00f3giu v oblasti interpunk\u010dn\u00fdch znakov z \u010dasti zavies\u0165 napr. v opensource projektoch <a href=\"http:\/\/espeak.sourceforge.net\/\">eSpeak<\/a> a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nvda-project.org\/\">NVDA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ako sa m\u00e1m s t\u00fdmto vysporiada\u0165? M\u00e1m sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 v\u0161ade, kde je to technicky mo\u017en\u00e9 presadzova\u0165 korektn\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vne slovensk\u00e9 pomenovania? Alebo naopak, nem\u00e1m toto pova\u017eova\u0165 za smerodajn\u00e9 a pokra\u010dova\u0165 \u010falej so zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvami? Kde sa daj\u00fa zisti\u0165 slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy pre ostatn\u00e9 exotick\u00e9 interpunk\u010dn\u00e9 znaky? \u010co by som mal e\u0161te vedie\u0165? S\u00fa okrem materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 uv\u00e1dzam e\u0161te k dispoz\u00edcii in\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 by mi mohli pom\u00f4c\u0165?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dnes som po\u010das kontroly prekladu NVDA zistil, \u017ee m\u00e1me medzeri v ch\u00e1pan\u00ed slovensk\u00fdch interpunk\u010dn\u00fdch znakov. Preto som si dovolil uverejni\u0165 pr\u00edspevok, ktor\u00fd sa NVDA dot\u00fdka len okrajovo. Je pre m\u0148a ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 spr\u00e1vny poh\u013ead na vec, nebr\u00e1nte sa preto &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/?p=225\">Cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novinky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=225"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":232,"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\/revisions\/232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nvda-project.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}